基于视觉颜色感知——光学相似的图像去雾方法

针对雾霾环境影响致使户外获取的图像质量严重下降问题，提出了一种基于视觉颜色感知—光学相似的图像去雾方法。充分利用人眼感知颜色的视觉机理，结合图像的相似性原理，构造了光学相似度函数，建立了新的基于视觉颜色感知—光学相似的图像去雾模型并设计相关算法，进而进行仿真验证。仿真实验结果表明，提出的方法在对有雾图像清晰化处理过程中效果明显，并与现有的图像去雾方法在主观视觉和客观量化方面进行图像去雾效果对比，进一步表明提出的方法在清晰化含雾图像处理中取得了较好的效果。     

Toward prediction of surface tension of branched n-alkanes using ANN technique

This study features the application of artificial neural network for prediction of surface tension of branched alkanes. Surface and interfacial tensions of alkanes show a specific interaction between adjacent molecules of the higher n-alkanes which results in an anisotropic dispersion force component of the surface energy. The surface tension of branched alkanes was studied for temperatures between 283.15 and 448.15 K. Two intelligent models named multilayer perceptron model (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) model were developed and the accuracy of two models was examined by different graphical and statistical methods. Results showed that the both models are accurate and effective in prediction of surface tension of branched alkanes. However, the results were compared with experimental data and it was found that the estimated surface tension by multi-layer perceptron neural network is more accurate than radial basis function network.     

Musical sonification supports visual discrimination of color intensity

ABSTRACT

Visual representations of data introduce several possible challenges for the human visual perception system in perceiving brightness levels. Overcoming these challenges might be simplified by adding sound to the representation. This is called sonification. As sonification provides additional information to the visual information, sonification could be useful in supporting the visual perception. In the present study, usefulness (in terms of accuracy and response time) of sonification was investigated with an interactive sonification test. In the test, participants were asked to identify the highest brightness level in a monochrome visual representation. The task was performed in four conditions, one with no sonification and three with different sonification settings. The results show that sonification is useful, as measured by higher task accuracy, and that the participant's musicality facilitates the use of sonification with better performance when sonification was used. The results were also supported by subjective measurements, where participants reported an experienced benefit of sonification.     

基于手机大数据的动态人口感知

随着通信市场迅速发展和手机的高普及率，利用手机数据研究人类活动和城市规划发展成为可能.本文主要工作是构建了大数据实时处理分析平台，并基于此平台提出了一种利用手机数据感知城市人口分布的方法.通过实验表明，基于手机数据的动态人口感知能够反映实际城市人口分布，对于城市交通监管、公共资源配置优化等方面具有重要意义.     

基于复合帕尔贴模块热触觉再现装置研究

设计了一种基于复合帕尔贴模块的改进型温度触觉感知再现装置。首先分析了手指接触复合帕尔贴装置表面时的热传导过程,并根据热网络分析法建立了基于复合帕尔贴模块的热触觉感知模型;据此设计了一种通过控制复合帕尔贴模块表面温度变化来模拟温度触觉过程的装置,复合帕尔贴装置由两个20 mm×20 mm的帕尔贴模块重叠放置构成,通过对上下层帕尔贴模块输入电流分别控制,实现了比单层帕尔贴模块更为快速的升降温速率和更大工作温度区间;最后,通过热图标辨别实验,分析了将温度触觉感知再现应用于特殊人群导航的可行性。     

Hazard prediction discriminates between novice and experienced drivers

Typical hazard perception tests often confound multiple processes in their responses. The current study tested hazard prediction in isolation to assess whether this component can discriminate between novice and experienced drivers. A variant of the hazard perception test, based on the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique, found experienced drivers to outperform novices across three experiments suggesting that the act of predicting an imminent hazard is a crucial part of the hazard-perception process. Furthermore three additional hypotheses were tested in these experiments. First, performance was compared across clips of different length. There was marginal evidence that novice drivers’ performance suffered with the longest clips, but experienced drivers’ performance did not, suggesting that experienced drivers find hazard prediction less effortful. Secondly, predictive accuracy was found to be dependent on the temporal proximity of visual precursors to the hazard. Thirdly the relationship between the hazard and its precursor was found to be important, with less obvious precursors improving the discrimination between novice and experience drivers. These findings demonstrate that a measure of hazard prediction, which is less confounded by the influence of risk appraisal than simple response time measures, can still discriminate between novice and experienced drivers. Application of this methodology under different conditions can produce insights into the underlying processes that may be at work, whilst also providing an alternative test of driver skill in relation to the detection of hazards.     

Driving experience moderates the effect of implicit versus explicit threat priming on hazard perception test

Due to the controversial evidence regarding the efficacy of threat campaigns on driving behavior, we addressed the effects of explicit vs. implicit threats. As in other areas of advertisements, we hypothesized that an implicit threat would be more effective, i.e., generate more anxiety than an explicit threat. Furthermore, we hypothesized that such effects would be moderated by driving experience: more experienced drivers when threatened will rely on driving skills and perform in a less cautious manner vs. less experienced drivers who have not yet acquired these skills, and therefore will tend to calm their fear by exercising more caution. Driving behavior in this experimental design was addressed by the Hazard Perception (HP) task. Results were as expected. Anxiety was higher under implicit vs. explicit threat. HP scores however were overall the same for both groups. Implicit priming generated less-cautious behavior in high-experienced drivers while generating more caution for less-experienced drivers. Demonstrating in a single experiment all three driving patterns following threat, namely, no change in driving behavior (whole sample), more cautious driving behavior (less-experience) and less cautious behavior (more-experience), potentially comprises an important step in resolving the aforementioned disparity concerning effects of threat campaigns on driving behavior.     

Colour and ergonomics: On the selection of a “colour of the year”

The key role of colour in ergonomics has been emphasized by a number of researchers and design professionals. Although several research studies have been published regarding the use of colour in ergonomics, there are still some areas that need to be considered. The issue of deciding a “colour of the year” is an example, which represents a new challenge for researchers in the field of ergonomics. This is of particular interest considering the fact that the nature of research on the selection of a “colour of the year” is generally based on user experience. This paper argues that ergonomics should play a more prominent role in this field to ensure better user experience and performance. This paper highlights specific areas that need further study and development.     

Chromatic interior environments for the elderly: A literature review

The impact of the physical environment on individuals has arisen as a growing body of research in population wellbeing. Yet, most of studies in this area do not focus on elderly even though they are particularly susceptible to the characteristics of their interior spaces. It is a well‐known fact that to be old is to acquire a tolerance of disabilities based on the gradual degeneration. A common problem is a dysfunction in visual sensitivity and accordingly, the alteration of their environmental color perception. That is why these impairments need to be understood in order to minimize the elderly spatial difficulties. To know at what point there is a loss in the ability to perceive color is necessary to understand how should we take these facts into consideration. A state‐of‐the‐art literature review of current studies from the last 20 years is carried out. The aim is to analyze existing practices on Evidence‐Based Research through a multidisciplinary approach in order to create knowledge about chromatic built environments for the elderly. Data are identified and considered together with empirical experience about color, perception, built environment and elderly. Thus, the way in which elderly perceive the space is explored. The adjustments in the formulation of these impairments throughout any design strategy to adapt the environment to their physiological changes are determined. This article aims to determine a design interpretation of the various findings, demonstrating that color, as a parameter of the visual performance, influences visual comfort and helps performance in architecture for old people.